texs


kisi-kisi UN SMA Bahasa Inggris

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Text (For questions no 1-3)
                On Wednesday, my students and I went to Yogyakarta. We stayed at Dirgahayu hotel which is not far from Malioboro.
                On Thursday, we visited the temples in Prambanan. There are three big temples, the Brahmana, Syiwa and Wishnu Temples. They are really amazing. We visited only Brahmana and syiwa temples because Wisnu temple is being renovated
         On Friday morning, we went to Yogyakarta keraton. We spent two hours there. we were lucky because we led by a smart and friendly guide. Then we continued our journey to Borobodur. We arrived there at 4 pm. At 5 p.m we heard an announcement that Borobudur gate was closed. In the evening, we left for Jakarta by Wisata bus.
1.         The text mainly discusses ….
a.       the writer’s trip to Yogyakarta                                         d.  the writer’s experience at Yogyakarta keraton
b.      the writer’s first visit to Prambanan                                e.  the writer’s impression about Borobudur
c.       the writer’s impression about the guide
2.         Which temple is being renovated?
         a.       Syiwa                                                                                    d.  Borobudur
         b.      Wisnu                                                                                   e.  Syiwa and wisnu
         c.       Brahma
3.         Which of the following statement is TRUE?
         a.       the writer and the students went to Yogyakarta for having a research
         b.      the writer went to Borobudur first and then  to keraton
         c.       the writer was very disappointed with the guide
         d.      Malioboro is very far from Dirgahayu Hotel
         e.      the writer left for Jakarta on Friday
Text (For questions no 4 - 6)                                                             
                A fox fell into a well and couldn’t get out. By and by a thirsty goat comes along. Seeing the fox in the well, it asked if the water was good. “Good,” said the fox,” it’s the best water I’ve tasted in all my life. Come down and try it yourself”.
                The goat was thirsty so he got into the well. When he had drunk enough, he looked around but there was no way to get out. Then the fox said,” I have a good idea. You stand on your hind legs and put your forelegs against the side of the well. Then, I’ll climb on your back. From there, I’ll step on your horns and I can get out. And when I’m out. I’ll help you out of the well.”
                The goat did as he was asked and the fox got on his back and climbed out of the well. Then he coolly walked away.  The goat called out loudly after him and reminded him of his promise to help him out. The fox merely turned to him and said,” If you only had thought carefully about getting out, you wouldn’t have jumped into the well “.
                The goat felt very sad. He called out loudly. An old man walking nearby heard him and put a plank into the well. The goat got out and thanked to the old man
4.         The text tells the story of ….
         a.       a fox                                                                                      d. an old man and the fox
         b.      a goat                                                                                    e. the goat and an old man
         c.       a fox and a goat
5.         Paragraph two mainly tells ….
         a.       how the fox helped the goat                      d.                   the fox’s idea to get out of the well
         b.      why the fox got into the well                     e.                   how both the goat and the fox got out of the well
         c.       how the fox got out of the well
6.          “The goat did as he was asked ….” (p.3)
         What does the above sentence mean?
         a.       The goat drunk enough and looked around
         b.      The goat came down to the well and drank
         c.       The goat called out loudly after the fox got out
         d.      The goat waited someone who might help him
         e.      The goat stood on his hind legs and put his forelegs against the side of the well
Text (For questions no 7 - 10 )
           Forest are very important to keep the soil fertile and to prevent flood. The fallen leaves and decayed plants become humus which makes the soil rich and holds the rainwater.
           For many years, people have not been obeying the government’s regulations. They have been cutting down the trees carelessly. As a result, thousands of hectares of land have become worse and the rivers will be full of mud. In the wet season there will be erosion and floods which will destroy the farm lands and villages.
7.         What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
         a.       rivers are full of mud                                                         d.  erosions have caused floods
         b.      land becomes infertile                                                      e.  deforestation has caused a lot of destruction
         c.       floods destroy villages
8.         The following statement are the advantages of forests mentioned in the text, EXCEPT ….
         a.       they keep the soil fertile                                                  d.  they hold rainwater
         b.      they prevent  flood                                                            e.  they produce fresh air
         c.       they produce humus
9.         Humus is made from ….
         a.       fertile soil                                                                            d.  a kind of artificial fertilizer
         b.      rown leaves                                                                         e.  decayed plants and leaves
         c.       the root of tree
10.      The soil fertile and to prevent flood. The underlined word is synonymous to ….
         a.       cause                                                                                    d.  change
         b.      move                                                                                    e.  produce
         c.       hinder
Text (For questions no 11 - 12)
·         Always take off your jewellery before doing housework. Detergents and cleaning powder can make it dull
·         Put  jewellery on last when dressing, perfumes and hairsprays can tarnish it
·         Don’t swim when wearing any gold- you might lose it. Also, chlorine and saltwater can have a bad effect
·         Clean it regularly. Soak in warm soapy water and gently brush with toothbrush. Rinse in clean water and dry with a soft , clean cloth.
·         To prevent scratching, keep gold separately in a jewel box
11.  What is the topic of the text?
a.    carat guide                                                         c. going for gold                                  e. What to look for
b.    Buyer’s Guide                                                   d. caring for gold
12.  Which of the following can make your jewellery tarnish?
a.    hairsprays and chlorine               c. cleaning powders and perfumes            e. salt water and warm soapy water
b.    hairsprays and perfumes             d. detergents and cleaning water
Text (For questions no 13 - 15)
        The Jakarta Post, a leading English- language daily newspaper, requires a qualified reporter. The following qualifications are required :
1.       Indonesian citizen                                           5. Not more than 26 years old
2.       university degree                                            6. pleasing personality, highly motivated and dynamic    
3.       willing to take a series of tests                      7. Able to operate a computer
4.       Good understanding of English, TOEFL score at least 550
Please send an application letter in English, a copy of current curriculum vitae, a photocopy of identification card, a photocopy of diploma, a photocopy of TOEFL score, a sample of writing in English, and a recent passport sized photograph to
Human Resources Manager
The Jakarta Post
PO BOX Palmerah, Jakarta, 11001
Application should reach us before March 20, 2009.
13.   Under what heading is this text likely found?
 a.    housing                           b. education                      c. furniture                        d. job vacancy                e. travel agency
14.   The Jakarta Post is looking for a person who is qualified in ….
 a.    Teaching English                                 c. making a series of tests                     e. being a human resource manager
 b.    Writing news report                          d. leading a daily newspaper
15.      The Jakarta Post, a leading English language daily newspaper, requires a qualified reporter. The underlined  word means ….
  a.   hires                                b. find                                 c. needs                              d. looks                         e. employs
Text ( For questions no 16 - 19 )
         J.P : there was a bad accident on Sudirman street last night. A bus which was travelling south was hit by a large truck. Several people in the bus were killed, including the driver. The injured people were taken to the hospital. The driver of the truck was drunk. He was taken to the police station to be interrogated.                    
16.      What happened on Sudirman street last night ?
         a.       a bus crash                                                                          d.  a dead drunken driver
         b.      a truck crash                                                                       e.  a fight between two drivers
         c.       a terrible accident
17.      The accident happened because ….
         a.       the driver of the truck was drunk                                  d.  the driver of the bus escaped
         b.      the driver of the truck ran away                                    e.  the driver of the bus was ill
         c.       the driver of the bus was killed
18.      The injured people were taken to the hospital. The underlined word means ….
         a.       killed                                                                                     d.  damaged
         b.      blooded                                                                               e.  destroyed
         c.       wounded
19.      From whom did the police get the information about the accident ?
         a.       pedestrians                                                                         d.  the passengers of the bus  
         b.      the driver of the bus                                                         e.  both the bus driver and the truck driver
         c.       the driver of the truck
Text 7( For questions no 20 - 21 )
Pancake
Ingredients :
                2 cups all purpose flour, sifted before measuring          1 egg, slightly beaten
                2 ½ teaspoons baking powder                                            1 ½ cups milk
                ½ teaspoon salt                                                                      2 tablespoons melted butter
Direction :
                Stir together flour, baking powder and salt. In a separate bowl, combine eggs and milk. Then, add to flour mixture, stirring only until smooth. After that, blend in melted butter. Cook on a hot, greased griddle, using about ½ cup of butter for each pancake. Cook until brown on one side and around edge, turn and brown the other side. Recipe for pancake serves 4
20.      The goal of the text above is to tell us ….
         a.       the process of making cakes                                            d. a description of pancake
         b.      ingredients needed to make pancake                            e. how to make pancake
         c.       how to serve pancake
21.      The melted butter is mixed together into ….
         a.       the mixture of flour, egg and milk                                   d. the mixture of baking powder, salt and egg
         b.      the mixture of milk and baking powder                         e.  the mixture of egg, flour and salt
         c.       the mixture of egg and flour
Text  (For questions no 22 - 23)
Tom !
I am going to Anula supermarket to get some sugar. Would you like to turn the stove on when you are home? I have put some soup there. Just heat it for about 5 minutes and then take it out from stove before you have dinner
22.      What is the message about ?
         a.       Telling Tom to eat the soup                                              d. Telling Tom to heat the soup
         b.      Asking Tom to buy some sugar                                        e. Telling Tom to wait for about 5 minutes
         c.       Asking Tom to go to supermarket
23.      I’ve put the soup there. the word there refers to ….
         a.       home                                                                                    d. the supermarket
         b.      kitchen                                                                                 e. Anula supermarket
         c.       the stove
Text (For questions no 24 - 26)                                                         
                Birds belong to a class of warm blooded vertebrate animals with feather covered bodies. Next to the animals, birds are the most important group of land-living vertebrates. All birds have feathers, although in some types, particularly those that cannot fly, the normal structure of the feathers may be much modified and be downy, woolly, or straw like. The forelimbs of birds are modified into wings. The bony part of the tail, except in the very earliest fossil birds is very short, and the visible tail is composed of feathers only. The teeth are absent except in some fossil forms. As in mammals the only other group of warm-blooded animal , the  circulation is highly perfected so that there is no mixing of arterial and venous blood, but the arrangement of veins and arteries by which this is accomplished different in the two groups. Birds have keen hearing, although they have no external ears. The sense of sight also is very keen, but the sense of smell is weak or lacking, except few vultures and others birds.
24.      The passage is about the …. of birds
         a.       species                                                                                 d. classification
         b.      definitions                                                                           e. characteristic
         c.       clarification 
25.      From the text we can conclude that both birds and mammals have ….
a.       backbones                                                                           d. downy feathers
b.      keen sights                                                                           e. weak sense of smell
c.       keen hearing
26.      Which of the following is NOT possessed by birds?
a.       Feathers                                                                               d.  Tails
b.      Wings                                                                                    e.  Ears
c.       Teeth
Text (For questions no 27 - 28)
           “Bisa Saja” is choosen as the first single of the album and theme song of BROWNIES, since the lyric reflects the story in the movie. Budjana of GIGI demonstrates his skills in playing acoustic guitar in “ Cinta Terakhir “. Three other brand new song “Dilema”, “Jangan Bilang Pacarku” and “ Semua Orang Berhak Mendapat Rasa Bahagia”, gives supporting nuances to the movie flow as GIGI composed them by imagining how the scenes would like look based on the screenplay.
             When Hanung Bramantyo, the director, and Dewa Budjana of GIGI chated, Budjana expressed his interest in making soundtrack album. Then, he recommended a few of GIGI songs, which the producer accepted because of the chemistry they created with the movie. Since GIGI can provide a variety of colors to add all kinds of musical nuances to enrich the movie, the producer deemed it unnecessary to find other musicians to complete OST of BROWNIES. Armand Maulana (vocalist), I Gede Dewa Budjana (guitarist), Thomas Ramdhan (Bass player) , and Gusti Erhandy (Drum-stand-in player for Budhi haryono) put a lot of effort to this album. As a result, they’ve created perfect blend of movie and songs that makes BROWNIES tastier.
            It’s always fun to have a piece of Brownies in your mouth. But having it in your stereo set is more entertaining. No movie is perfect without musical score and OST of Brownies proved it excellent.
27.      The passage is mainly about …
         a.       the description how the album  is accomplished through a series of steps
         b.      an account of  unusual or  amusing incident retold by the album
         c.       a  review an of an original soundtrack of movie
         d.      the process  in making original soundtrack of movie
         e.      an amusing story dealing with experience in different ways
28.      Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the text?
         a.       Budjana is the acoustic guitar player of GIGI
         b.      “ Bisa Saja” is the theme song of BROWNIES
         c.       Hanung Bramantyo is the director of  GIGI band             
         d.      Armand Maulana is the vocalist of GIGI
         e.      OST of BROWNIES is excellent
Text (For questions no 29 – 33)
Is Smoking Good For Us?
                Before we smoke, it is better to look at the fact of smoking effects, not only for smokers but also for non smokers. About 50 thousands people die every year in Britain as the direct result of smoking. This is the seven times as many as deaths in road accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.
                Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non- smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen times greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer from bronchitis are people who smoke. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of heart disease than non- smokers.
                Additionally, children of smokers are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour in a smoky room, a non-smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen cigarettes.
                Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from smoking habit. Smoking, however, is not good for everybody else.
29.      What is the text about?
         a.       A report of deaths caused by smoking
         b.      The effects of smoking for people
         c.       A calculation of how many cigarettes that may cause cancer
         d.      Information of the effect of smoking to non smokers
         e.      The result of smoking habit for tobacco companies
30.      Which of the statement below is TRUE?
         a.       Smoking only does a good impact for the tobacco company
         b.      Non-smokers don’t have any threat of getting pneumonia
         c.       Fifteen cigarettes a day is all right for smokers
         d.      Smoking can risk ninety five percent of the people in a country
         e.      The risk caused by smoking for non-smokers is low
31.      What is the effect of smoking to non-smokers?
         a.       It makes non-smokers healthy                                         d. It causes so much fun   
         b.      It makes non-smokers have a good life                          e. it results in a better lung function                              
         c.       It risks non-smokers’ health                                                                                  
32.      What is the purpose of the text?
         a.       To make people realize the risk of smoking
         b.      To make non-smokers stay away from smokers
         c.       To make the government stop tobacco production
         d.      To make the doctors find the cure of lung cancer
         e.      To make people in Britain stop smoking
33.      This is the seven times as many as deaths in road accidents (p.1)
         The underlined word refers to ….
         a.       The smokers                                                                        d. the accident
         b.      The non-smokers                                                               e. the company            
         c.       The data
Text (For questions no 34 – 37)
                   During the twentieth century the world has witnessed the inventions of many amazing things. Television is a great invention, but there are arguments for and against whether it is the best invention of the twentieth century
                   Television was invented in the1920s and first came to Australia in 1956. It has played an important role in communicating news. We can learn instantly about what is happening in the world because of television. Also, television has provided people with entertainment in their own homes. People in isolated areas can still feel the other part of the world because of television. For these reasons I feel that television could be considered the best invention of the twentieth century.
                   On the other hand, there are other inventions that could be considered better than television. Some might argue that computer should be awarded the distinction of being the best invention because computer has made life easier. Others might argue that medical inventions such as heart pacemakers are best inventions because they help to save live.
                   It can be seen that there are reasons for and against television being considered the best invention of the twentieth century. After looking at both sides I still believe it is the best invention.
34.      What does the text mainly discuss?
a.       The role of television in communicating news
b.      The positive and negative impacts of television
c.       The best invention of the twentieth century
d.      Television is the invention of the twentieth century
e.      An argument whether television is the best invention of the twentieth century.
35.      We can learn instantly about ….
a.       with ease                                                                              d.  without delay
b.      rather lately                                                                         e.  without doubt
c.       very simply
36.      Which of the following is NOT the benefit of a television?
a.       It communicates news
b.      It makes people have easy life
c.       It provides people with entertainment        
d.      It informs people instantly what is happening in the world
e       It makes people in isolated areas can feel the other part of the world
37.      Which one is TRUE according to the text?
a.       Television is the only great invention
b.      Television makes people feel isolated    
c.       Computers make people’s lives more difficult.
d.      Television keeps amazing things from around the world
e.      The writer is sure that television is the greatest invention
Text (For questions no 38 - 41)
          Facsimile, often called fax, is a way of transmitting texts and pictures over telephone lines. News services often use facsimile to send news, stories and photographs to newspaper and television stations. Banks, law firms and other businesses use facsimile to send copies of documents to clients and other organizations.
         A device called a facsimile machine is used for transmitting and receiving images. Facsimile machines resemble small photocopiers. However, they are equipped with a telephone or are connected to one. To send a document, the user inserts it into the machine and dials the telephone number of the receiving fax machine. After the connection is made, an electronic scanner on the transmitting machine moves across the page and converts the image into a set of electric signals. These signals travel over the telephone line to the receiving fax machine. Then machine converts the electric signals back into an image of the original document and then prints a copy.
Some business people use small desktop fax machines or portable models at home or when they travel. A personal computer can also be used to send and receive documents if it is equipped with a special electronic circuit board called a fax board
38.      What is the main information in paragraph 2?
         a.       a facsimile machine is a small photocopier
         b.      a facsimile machine is equipped with a telephone to transmit images
         c.       a facsimile machine transmits and receives images
         d.      a facsimile machine converts the electric signals back into an image
         e.      a facsimile machine sends documents to distant places
39.      What do you call in the facsimile machine that converts the image of the document into a set of electric signals?
         a.       a copier                                                                                d.  an electronic scanner
         b.      a converter                                                                         e.  a transmitting machine
         c.       a telephone
40.      What do you need to enable your computer to send and receive documents like a fax?
         a.       a fax board                                                                          d.  an electronic circuit
         b.      a transmitter                                                                       e.  an electronic scanner
         c.       a signal converter
41.      …. transmitting texts and pictures ….
         The underlined word may be replaced by ….
         a.       sending                                                                                d.  translating
         b.      changing                                                                              e.  connecting
         c.       processing
Text (For questions no 42 - 45)
The Good Stepmother
The old witch locked Hansel in a cage and set Gretel to clean the house. She planned to eat them both. Each night the children cried and begged the witch to let them go. Meanwhile, at home, their stepmother was beginning to wish she had never tried to get rid of the children. ”I must find them,” she said and set off into the forest.
Many hours later, when her feet were tired from walking and her lips were dry from thirst, she came to the cottage belonging to the witch. The stepmother peeped through the window. Her heart cried out when she saw the two children.
She picked up the broom leaning against the door and crept inside. The witch was putting some stew in the oven when the stepmother gave her an almighty push. The witch fell into the oven and the stepmother shut the door.
“Children, I have come to save you,” she said, hugging them tightly. I have done a dreadful thing. I hope in time you will forgive me. Let me take you home and become a family again. They returned to their home and the stepmother became the best mother anyone could wish to have, and of course they lived happily ever after.
42.      The story is about a stepmother who ….
         a.       cried every night                                                                d.  tried to run away from a witch
         b.      planned to eat her children                                             e.  Saved her children from a witch
         c.       begged a witch for money
43.      Which statement is TRUE about the stepmother?
a.       She was the witch’s friend.                                               d.   She locked her children in a cage
b.      She loved her stepchildren.                                             e.  She visited the witch to see her children.
c.       She hit the witch with a broom.
44.      “The witch fell into the oven and the stepmother shut the door …. ” (p.4)
The underlined word can be replaced by the word
a.       closed                                                                                   d. marked
b.      opened                                                                                e. polished
c.       painted
45.      How did the witch die ?
a.       She was burnt in the oven                                                d. She was locked in her house
b.      She was trapped in a cage                                                e. She was pushed against the wall
c.       She was hit with a broom
Text (For questions no 46 - 48)
                Philipines : At least nine people were killed and dozens were injured when the Philipines  security forces clashed with dozens of slum dwellers who resisted the tearing down of their homes in the northern province, a police commander said Tuesday.
                Raul Gonzales, the police chief in the northern Cordirella area, said that the soldiers and police officers traded gunfire with dozens of people who are illegally occupying the private land in Kalinga province.
                “our team was ambushed on their way to the community to be demolished,” said Gonzales. He added that the security only defended themselves after the residents dug foxholes and opened fire with automatic rifles.
                “nine people were killed and dozens were wounded, including 10 police officers during almost 10 hours of fighting. We even had to evacuate some of our officers who needed surgery to get the bullets from their bodies.”Reuters
46.      What is the passage about?
a.       An illegal gunfire trade.
b.      A demolition of illegal slum dwellers.
c.       A fight between the police officers and the soldiers.
d.      A clash between the security forces and the slum dwellers.
e.      A clash between the police officers and the security officers.
47.      The clash happened because ….
a.       illegal slum dwellers resisted the demolition of their home.
b.      the police officers and soldiers shot the dwellers.
c.       nine people were killed by the security forces.
d.      the police officers firing the dwellers.
e.      the people dwelled on private land.
48.      Raul Gonzales said that …
a.       ten police officers had to be evacuated.
b.     ten police officers were killed in the fighting.
c.       ten police officers were injured during the fighting
d.      some of the wounded people needed surgery.
e.      more than ten police officers were killed and injured an the fighting
Text (For questions no 49 - 50)
                   The polar bear is a very big white bear. We call it the polar bear because it lives inside the Arctic Circle near the North Pole. There are no polar bears at the South Pole.
                   The polar bears live at the North pole. There is only snow, ice, and water. There is not any land.
                   These bears are three meters long, and weight 450 kilos. They can stand up on their back legs because they have very wide  feed. They can use their front legs like arms. The Polar bears can swim very well. They can swim 120 kilometres out  into the water. They catch fish and sea animals for food. They go into the sea when they are afraid.
                   People like to kill the polar bears for their beautiful white coats. The governments of Canada, the united states and Russia say that no one can kill polar bears now. They do not want all of these beautiful animals to die.
49.      What does the passage mainly discuss?
a.       The size of polar bears                                                      d.  Why people hunt polar bears                                    
        b.      Where polar bears live                                                     e.  A brief description of polar bears.                            
c.       The habitat of polar bears
50.      Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a polar bear?
a.       A polar bear weigh 450 kilos                                           d.  A polar bear goes into the sea when it is angry
b.      A polar bear is three meters long                                   e.  A polar bear can swim 120 km out into the water
c.       A polar bear catches fish for food

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wahyu prasetyo

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WAHYUPRASETYO@CIBUBUR.COM

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sejarah renang dunia

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SEJARAH RENANG DUNIA

Renang telah dikenal sejak masa prasejarah. Lukisan dari Jaman Batu telah ditemukan di dalam "gua para perenang" dekat Wadi Sora (atau Sura) dibagian barat-daya Mesir. Referensi tulisan yang berasal dari 2000 tahun sebelum masehi, termasuk Gilgamesh, Iliad, dan Odyssey, Injil (Ezekiel 47:5, Perjanjian 27:42, Isaiah 25:11, Beowulf, dan hikayat lainnya). Pada tahun 1538 Nicolas Wynman, Profesor bahasa berkebangsaan Jerman, menulis buku renang pertama kali, "Colymbetes". Kompetisi renang di Eropa dimulai sekitar tahun 1800, sebagian besar menggunakan gayadada.
Gaya bebas, yang kemudian disebut the trudgen, diperkenalkan pada tahun 1973 oleh John Arthur Trudgen, menirunya dari Orang Amerika asli. Renang menjadi bagian dari pertandingan Olympiade modern yang pertama tahun 1896 di Atena. Pada tahun 1902 the trudgen diperbaharui oleh Richard Cavill, menggunakan sentakan mengibas. Pada tahun 1908, asosiasi renang sedunia, Federasi Renang Amatir International (FINA/ Federation Internationale de Natation de Amateur) dibentuk. Gaya kupu-kupu pertama kali merupakan variasi dari gaya dada, sampai akhirnya ia diterima sebagai gaya yang terpisah pada tahun 1952.
Zaman Kuno
Lukisan dari Zaman Batu telah ditemukan didalam "gua para perenang" dekat Wadi Sora (atau Sura) dibagian Barat-Daya Mesir dekat Libya. Gambar-gambar ini nampak menunjukkan gaya dada atau gaya anjing mengayuh, meskipun bisa jadi ia mungkin menunjukkan gerakan yang berkaitan dengan prosesi ritual yang artinya tidak ada kaitannya dengan renang. Gua ini juga digambarkan pada film English Patient.
Stempel lilin Mesir yang bertanggal antara 4000 dan 9000 tahun sebelum masehi menunjukkan empat perenang yang diyakini berenang dengan variasi dari gaya bebas. Referensi lain mengenai renang juga ditemukan pada gambar timbul Babylonia dalam lukisan dinding Assyria yangmenunjukkan variasi dari gaya dada. Lukisan yang paling terkenal telah ditemukan di padang pasir Kebir dan diperkirakan berasal dari sekitar 4000 tahun sebelum masehi.
Gambar timbul Nagoda juga menunjukkan perenang yang berasal dari 3000 tahun sebelum masehi. Istana Indian Mohenjo Daro dari 2800 tahun sebelum masehi memiliki kolam renang berukuran 30 m x 60 m. Istana Minoan Minos of Knossos di Kreta juga dilengkapi dengan bak mandi. Makam kuno Mesir dari 2000 tahun sebelum masehi menunjukkan variasi dari gaya bebas.
Penggambaran perenang juga ditemukan pada Hittites, Minoans, dan masyarakat Timur Tengah lainnya, orang Inca dalam Rumah Tepantitla di Teotihuacan, dan dalam mosaik di Pompeii. Referensi tulisan yang berasal dari 2000 tahun sebelum masehi, termasuk Gilgamesh, the Iliad, the Odyssey, Injil (Ezekiel 47:5, Perjanjian 27:42, Isaiah 25:11), Beowulf, dan hikayat lainnya, meskipun gayanya tidak pernah dijelaskan. Ada juga beberapa yang menyinggung para perenang dalam naskah kuno Vatikan, Borgian dan Bourbon.
Orang-orang Yunani tidak mengikut sertakan renang pada Pertandingan Olympiade kuno, namun mempraktekan olah raga tersebut, sering kali membangun kolam renang sebagai bagian dari bak mandi mereka. Satu pernyataan yang biasanya menyinggung di Yunani adalah dengan mengatakan tentang seseorang bahwa dia tidak tahu bagaimana caranya berlari ataupun berenang. Orang-orang Etruscan di Tarquinia (Italia) menunjukkan gambar para perenang dalam 600 tahun sebelum masehi, dan makam kuno di Yunani menunjukkan gambar perenang-perenang 500 tahun sebelum masehi.
Orang Yunani Sisilia telah dijadikan tawanan pada sebuah kapal Persia king Xerxes I pada 480 tahun sebelum masehi. Setelah mengetahui serangan yang akan datang untuk angkatan laut Yunani, ia mencuri pisau dan lompat keluar kapal. Sepanjang malam dan dengan menggunakan alat bantu pernapasan (snorkel) yang terbuat dari buluh, ia berenang kembali kearah kapal dan memotong talinya.
Juga dinyatakan bahwa ketrampilan berenang telah menyelamatkan bangsa Yunani pada perang Salamis, ketika bangsa Persia semuanya tenggelam ketika kapal mereka dihancurkan. Julius Caesar juga dikenal sebagai sebagai perenang yang baik. Sejumlah relif dari 850 tahun sebelum masehi di Galeri Nimrud dari Musium Inggris menunjukkan para perenang, yang sebagian besar dalam konteks militer, sering menggunakan alat bantu renang.
di Jepang renang merupakan salah satu keahlian terhormat Samurai, dan catatan sejarah menjelaskan kompetisi renang pada tahun 36 sebelum masehi, diadakan oleh kaisar Suigui (ejaannya tidak jelas), yang pertama kali dikenal sebagai perlombaan renang. Cerita rakyat Jerman menjelaskan tentang renang, yang dengan sukses digunakan dalam perang melawan bangsa Roma. Kompetisi renang juga dikenal sejak saat itu.
Abad Pertengahan hingga tahun 1800
Renang awalnya merupakan salah satu dari tujuh ketangkasan yang dimiliki oleh para kesatria dalam Abad Pertengahan, termasuk berenang dengan memakai baju zirah. Akan tetapi, sejak renang dilakukan dalam keadaan tanpa pakaian, ia menjadi kurang populer karena masyarakat menjadi semakin konservatif, dan ia telah ditentang oleh gereja pada akhir abad pertengahan. Sebagai contoh, pada abad ke 16, pengadilan Jerman mencatatkan dalam Vechta larangan tempat renang umum tanpa busana bagi anak-anak.
Leonardo da Vinci membuat sketsa awal tentang pelampung. Pada tahun 1538 Nicolas Wynman, Profesor bahasa berkebangsaan Jerman, menulis pertama kali buku renang "Colymbetes". Tujuannya bukan untuk olah raga, tapi lebih untuk mengurangi bahaya tenggelam. Meskipun demikian, buku tersebut berisi pendekatan yang sangat bagus dan metodis untuk belajar belajar gayadada, termasuk alat bantu renang seperti kantung berisi tekanan udara, ikatan buluh, atau sabuk pelampung. Sekitar waktu yang hampir bersamaan, E. Digby dari Inggris juga menulis buku tentang renang, menyatakan bahwa manusia dapat berenang lebih baik dari ikan.
Pada tahun 1603 organisasi renang pertama dibentuk di Jepang. Kaisar Go-Yozei dari Jepang menyatakan bahwa murid sekolah harus dapat berenang. Pada tahun 1696, penulis Perancis Thevenot menulis "Seni Berenang", menjelaskan bahwa gaya dada sangat mirip dengan gaya dada modern. Buku ini telah diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Inggris dan menjadi referensi standar renang selama bertahun-tahun hingga masa yang akan datang.
Pada tahun 1708, kelompok penyelamat pertama yang dikenal "Asosiasi Chinkiang untuk Menyelamatkan Hidup" dibentuk di Cina. Pada tahun 1796 klub renang (yang masih ada) telah ditemukan di Upsala, Swedia. Benjamin Franklin diakui sebagai pencipta sirip karet renang pada usia sepuluh, tahun 1716. Pada tahun 1739 Guts Muts (juga dieja dengan Guts Muth) dari Schnepfenthal, Jerman, menulis "Gymnastik für die Jugend" (Olah raga untuk kaum muda), termasuk didalamnya bagi khusus tentang renang.
Pada tahun 1974 Kanonikus Oronzio de Bernardi of Italy menulis dua volume buku tentang renang, termasuk latihan mengambang sebagai prasyarat untuk belajar renang. Pada tahun 1798 Guts Muts menulis buku lain "Kleines Lehrbuch der Schwimmkunst zum Selbstunterricht" (Buku pelajaran kecil tentang seni renang untuk belajar sendiri), merekomendasikan penggunaan alat "pancing" untuk membantu dalam belajar berenang.
Bukunya menjelaskan tiga langkah pendekatan untuk belajar berenang yang masih dipergunakan hingga saat ini. Pertama, buatlah murid terbiasa dengan air, kedua, latih gerakan renang di luar air, ketiga, latih gerakan renang di dalam air. Dia yakin bahwa renang adalah bagian penting dari setiap pendidikan.
Kelompok penyelamat lainnya didirikan tahun 1767 (1768?) di Amsterdam oleh orang Belanda, 1772 di Kopenhagen, dan tahun 1774 oleh Inggris Raya. Pada tahun 1768 kelompok kemanusiaan dibentuk di Amerika Serikat.The Haloren, kelompok pembuat garam di Halle, Jerman, sangat mahir berenang melalui pemberian contoh yang baik pada yang lainnya dengan cara mengajar anak-anak mereka berenang pada usia yang masih sangat muda.
Era Olimpiade modern setelah tahun 1896
Pertandingan Olimpiade dilangsungkan pada tahun 1896 di Athena. Kompetisi khusus kaum pria (lihat juga renang pada olimpiade musim panas 1896). Enam pertandingan telah direncanakan, namun hanya empat yang betul-betul diselenggarakan: 100 m, 500 m, dan 1200 m gaya bebas dan 100 m untuk pelaut. Medali emas pertama dimenangkan oleh Alfred Hajos dari Hungaria dengan catatan waktu 1:22.20 untuk 100 m gaya bebas.
Hajos juga memenangkan pertandingan 1200 m, dan tidak mampu memenangkannya pada 500 m, dimana dimenangkan oleh Paul Neumann dari Australia. Kompetisi renang lainnya dari 100 m untuk para pelaut termasuk tiga pelaut Yunani di Teluk Zea dekat Piraeus, dimulai dengan perahu dayung. Pemenangnya adalah Ioannis Malokinis dengan catatan waktu dua menit dan 20 detik. Perlombaan 1500 m juga diadakan.
Pada tahun 1897 Kapten Henry Sheffield membuat kaleng penyelamat atau silinder penyelamat, yang sekarang dikenal sebagai alat bantu penyelamat di Baywatch. Bagian ujungnya membuatnya meluncur lebih cepat dipermukaan air, meskipun itu dapat menyebabkan cidera. Pertandingan Olimpiade kedua dilaksanakan di Paris tahun 1900 menampilkan 200 m, 1000 m, dan 4000 m gaya bebas, 200 m gaya punggung, dan 200 m perlombaan beregu (lihat juga Renang pada Olimpiade musim panas tahun 1900).
Ada dua tambahan pertandingan renang yang tidak biasa (meskipun cukup umum pada waktu itu), hambatan pelaksanaan renang di sungai Seine (berenang bersama arus), dan perlombaan renang didalam air. 4000 m gaya apa saja dimenangkan oleh John Arthur Jarvis dengan catatan waktu dibawah satu jam, perlombangan renang Olimpiade terpanjang yang pernah diadakan.Gaya punggung juga diperkenalkan pada pertandingan Olimpiade di Paris, demikian juga halnya dengan polo air. Klub Renang Osborne dari Manchester mengalahkan team klub dari Belgia, Perancis dan Jerman dengan sangat mudah.
Gaya Trudgen dikembangkan oleh guru renang dan perenang Australia keturunan Inggris bernama Richard (Fred, Frederick) Cabill. Seperti Trudgen, dia memperhatikan penduduk asli dari kepulauan Solomon, menggunakan gaya bebas. Namun berbeda dengan Trudgen, dia melihat tendangan mengibas, dan mempelajarinya dengan seksama. Dia menggunakan sentakan mengibas yang baru ini dari pada gaya dada atau tendangan menggunting dari Trudgen.
Dia menggunakan gerakan ini pada tahun 1902 di Kejuaraan Internasional di Inggris untuk menciptakan rekor dunia yang baru dengan berenang di luar gaya yang dilakukan oleh semua perenang Trudgen pada 100 yard dengan catatan waktu 0:58.4 (beberapa sumber mengatakan bahwa itu adalah anaknya dalam catatan waktu 0:58.8). dia mengajarkan gaya ini kepada keenam anaknya, masing-masing nantinya menjadi perenang kejuaraan.
Teknik menjadi dikenal sebagai gaya bebas Australia hingga tahun 1950, ketika ia diperpendek menjadi gaya bebas saja, secara teknik dikenal sebagai front crawl. Olimpiade tahun 1904 di St. Louis meliputi perlombaan 50 yard, 100 yard, 220 yard, 440 yard, 880 yard dan satu mil gaya bebas, 100 yard gaya punggung dan 440 yard gaya dada, dan 4*50 yard gaya bebas beranting (lihat juga renang olimpiade musim panas tahun 1904).
Perlombaan ini membedakan antara gaya dada dengan gaya bebas, sehingga sekarang ada dua gaya yang ditetapkan (gaya dada dan gaya punggung) dan gaya bebas, dimana sebagian besar orang berenang dengan gaya Trudgen. Perlombaan ini juga menggambarkan kompetisi untuk lompat jauh, dimana jarak tanpa berenang, setelah melompat kedalam kolam renang diukur.
Pada tahun 1907 perenang Annette Kellerman dari Australia mengunjungi Amerika Serikat sebagai "penari balet dalam air", versi lain dari penyelarasan renang, menyelam kedalam tangki gelas. Dia ditangkap karena mempertontonkan hal yang tidak sopan, dimana baju renangnya menampakkan lengan, kaki dan leher.
Kellerman merubah baju renangnya menjadi berlengan panjang, celana yang lebih panjang, serta kerah, namun tetap mempertahankan pakaian ketatnya yang menampakkan bentuk tubuh di bawahnya. Dia kemudian membintangi beberapa film, salah satunya tentang kehidupan pribadinya. Pada tahun 1908, asosiasi renang dunia Federasi Renang Amatir Internasional (FINA/Federation Internationale de Natation de Amateur) dibentuk.

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males kasih judul

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poto yg terakhir ini adalah ketua kelas(kepala suku) dia mempunyai nama Ary nugroho


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di suruh yg kayak gini nih yg bikin gw males


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